This refactoring uses the fact that Python allows negative list indices to be accessed directly.
It converts this:
last_element = a[len(a) - 1]
into this:
last_element = a[-1]
The merge-comparison proposal will now apply in this case:
if x != a and x != b:
do_stuff()
This will be converted to:
if x not in [a, b]:
do_stuff()
pass
statements at class level